The Crucible Deterioration Of Social Order In free essay sample

The Crucible: Deterioration Of Social Order In Salem Essay, Research Paper The Crucible: Deterioration of Social Order In Salem The exaggerated sorcerer fever in Salem, Massachusetts, crumbled the objective, and enthusiastic stableness of its residents. This misused the populaces most vulnerable characteristics, and uncertainties. The undeniable separation in Salem # 8217 ; s cultural request prompted the catastrophe which saw 20 guiltless individuals held tight the accusal of witchery. Arthur Miller, author of The Crucible, utilized furor to introduce character deserts in helpless characters. A firm cultural framework, fear, and disarray were clear conditions that became predominant previously and during the witchtrials. These conditions just contributed to the disaster in Salem. The confinement of the Puritan culture made a hardened cultural framework that did non let for any change in way of life. The thorough society that was utilized at this clasp had a harming outcome on the Proctor family unit. John Delegate, a troublesome working farmer who had an awful season the twelvemonth previously and battling this twelvemonth was every so often missing at Sunday administration. This was expected to the reality he should have been given to his harvests. Additionally, Proctor did non hold with the task of Mr. Parris as the most up to date minister, and subsequently did non hold his last child sanctified through water. With the most recent prevailing fashion of black magic and whirling accusals, John Proctor was simple prosecuted of being a dispatch for the Satan by the declaration of his disappointed hireling Mary Warren, who in the by submitted bearing bogus observer. The council who heard the declaration simple acknowledges it since she is a congregation voyaging individual, while John Proctor to some degree goes amiss from the standard. This transportation of implication is other than recognizable when in all actuality first found about what the misss were making in the backwoods. The misss were non accused. The implication was put on Tituba, the? dark? slave who was said to hold? enchanted? the misss. Abigail swears that? she [ Tituba ] made me make it? . ( pg.40 ) It is evident that in the Puritan culture that whatever did non fit in with what the hoards had chosen as appropriate, so the veered off, yet guiltless, were to implication. This example added to the cataclysm in Salem. The dread of what was obscure made a tenseness inside Salem # 8217 ; s populace that additional to Salem # 8217 ; s cultural passing. The fortunes environing the witchtrials gave inhabitants something to blame the powerful on. The censuring of Tituba was essentially because of this. When Tituba took the misss into the timberlands, and they performed T inheritor stately, something the Puritans were non habituate to, she sentenced for black magic. Alongside Tituba, Martha Corey was arraigned completely in light of the fact that she would non let Giles to understand them. Giles other than expressed that? I attempted and tried and could non express my petitions. Thus she shut her book and leaves the house, and out of nowhere # 8211 ; grade this # 8211 ; I could supplicate again! ? ( pg.38 ) This grounds of black magic is foolish. The solitary thing that is genuine is that Giles was non permitted to peruse the books, and in light of the fact that he did non what the books contained, he dreaded them. This kind of response all through the network to the extraordinary, and what was non known prosecuted numerous individuals, and added to the disaster in Salem. The territory of mass disarray in Salem made a general public of people who were only worried about what was beneficial for them, with the goal that they would non be the accompanying 1 embroiled in the black magic soil. This situation is plainly clear after Hale becomes latrine to the genuine story of what occurred in the woods. Abigail wantonnesss Tituba, and blames her for? guiding her soul on me in chapel ; she makes me giggle at petition? ( pg.41 ) , and Abigail other than says Tituba? comes to me each dull to travel and soak up blood? [ Satan s blood ] ( pg.41 ) . Abigail responds like this solitary to rescue her from being associated with black magic. At the terminal of Scene One, numerous network individuals are blamed for partner with the Satan. These names were given by the entirety of the misss present that took partition in the ritual in the woodlands, with an end goal to come back to the graces of God and to be announced entranced. This was a typical response that many had when blamed for black magic. It prompted encounters which pitted neighbor versus neighbor and hubby versus hitched lady. The fever which made this situation supported in the misfortune procedures in Salem. The obvious annihilation of Salem # 8217 ; s cultural request was because of unbending legal affirmations on dissimilarity, alarm of the obscure, and mass disarray. These conditions left Salem vulnerable to a clear pandemic, for example, witchery. The helplessness that Salem succumbed to, was the reason for an extraordinary catastrophe which saw 20 townsfolk hung at the guardianships of the region. The Crucible composed by Arthur Miller is a story of an extraordinary disaster which features a? free grown-up male # 8217 ; s fearless and interminable fight against mass power per unit regions to do him bow down in conformance? ( introduction.- x ) and shows how rages can be utilized for impropriety plans in a vibe were there is a confidence in opportunity and right of difference. 36e

EVALUATING NORTH AMERICAN HEALTH SYSTEMS Essay -- essays research pape

Presentation      Compensating the undertakings of financial effectiveness with the requests of sociopolitical rights is a consistent wellspring of pressure in Canada and the United States the same. In no other component is this strain more evident than in the gathering of complex markets we call the social insurance framework.      Canadians have been blessed enough to get an all inclusive human services framework for almost forty years. This is a solitary payer framework financed by the administrations, both commonplace and government, yet at what costs? Is medicinal services much the same as some other item, or is it the benefit of each resident? Human services has components of regular monetary conduct, nonetheless, there are additionally sure social qualities related with it. It is this battle of characterizing what medicinal services is that causes such tension among financial specialists. The Canadian human services framework is gradually devastating the economy, and changes must be formulated to save the pride of Canada; our social insurance framework itself.      The pluralistic medicinal services plan of the United States, too, has genuine financial ramifications, and American approach creators are looking toward the model of the Canadian framework for answers. Both the United States and Canada must change social insurance approach, however to what degree? Clearly these inquiries can't really yield clear, brief answers, anyway they will give knowledge into investigating the current and proposed frameworks of medicinal services.      Certainly if Canada is to keep up an elevated expectation of care it must embrace a financially proficient, income producing framework. In addition the United States must receive the single-payer arrangement of Canada while as yet holding a solid income base. This paper will examine the qualities and deficiencies of the Canadian human services framework, and how medicinal services is a sociopolitical puzzler. Besides, how the single-payer framework is the main reasonable reaction to the developing deficiencies inside the American financial status. CANADIAN HEALTH CARE STRUCTURE      Serving as a general foundation in its examination, it is important to layout the history and the encompassing variables of the Canada social insurance that is so looked for after by the United States. The Canadian medical coverage program, called Medicare, is directed by commonplace ... ... what's more, this strain is common in the social insurance framework. An essential monetary concern is whether human services resembles some other product. The medicinal services industry can be examined with financial casings of reference: riches, hazard avoidance, proficient exchanges, and utility. In any case, there are sure representative components of human services that can't be effectively estimated. Societies have basic convictions that envelop the valuation of life and wellbeing. Remembering this, it would just appear to be reasonable that there is a type of right to social insurance.      Nowhere in the American Constitution is it expressed that an individual has the option to some essential arrangement of social insurance administrations, in any case, there are sure unclear duties the legislature has. It tends to be contended that the Declaration of Independence underpins the appropriate for every single resident to have the essential consideration expected t o support life in order to practice one’s freedom and to permit the quest for bliss. It has been contended that there is a precedent-based law option to approach benefits, a privilege of equivalent access to fundamental administrations, for example, drinking water. Moreover this privilege stretches out to all residents and is past the reac

Word of the Week! Hindrance Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Hindrance Richmond Writing Or is it hinderance? I see both in print. Yet no usage guide helps here, including Garners Modern American Usage or the venerable text by Fowler. Nor do any of the printed dictionaries I have.   Everyone lists hindrance despite the drift in pronunciation. It should not surprise anyone who follows the history of language that any confusion about our word is only the latest chapter in a long history. This term has a simple enough meaning: something that hampers, hinders, or impedes. The OED reveals a variety of spellings: hynderance (16th Century); hinderaunce (15th-16th Centuries); hindraunce (no dates given); hinderance (17th Century on); hindrance (19th Century on). Here we have a word that has definitely lost its a and u but otherwise continues with two accepted spellings. What to do? I prefer hinderance, as it more closely approaches speech and the verb hinder, but hindrance remains more common in print and probably should be the one we use in service of higher grades in courses. MS Word wants to correct it to hindrance.   WordPress accepts both modern spellings. Yikes. Full disclosure: I am stumped. Students, check with your professors and please stick to ONE spelling. This will make for a diverting update eventually, as the case is not closed on hinderance hindrance. Please nominate a word (or metaphor!) useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Words of the Week  here. Image Courtesy of  Wikipedia.

Cultural Autobiography My Life Essay - 1556 Words

CULTURAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY I was born in a small rural village in Western Nepal. A typical unprivileged society of Nepal, my then village was a consortium of poverty, illiteracy, and discrimination. I was a bit fortunate to have born in a middle-class family that could at least boast sufficient resources for subsistence and some savings. For people in my village, the most generous gift that god could bestow was the birth of a son, who, unlike a daughter, could continue the family generation. For my family, my birth meant their first child and a son. Being born as a son meant a straight pass to male identity and heterosexuality for me. The two identities that I have possessed since my birth, of being a male and heterosexual, have played significant roles in shaping my beliefs and my perspectives. My cultural autobiography is a portrayal of how these two identities instilled different views, and how I redefined some of them at various stages of my life till now. My male identity has always been a privilege for me since birth. Gender discrimination was very pervasive in the society that I was born and grew up. Had I been born as a daughter, I would not doubt that many privileges that I have enjoyed in my family, school, and society were tough, if not impossible to obtain. The widespread gender discrimination was itself a societal jurisdiction in ensuring that males were the superior part of theShow MoreRelatedCultural Autobiography Of My Life1313 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Autobiography How does a person begin to write a narrative of their own life, relating events and ideas back to their own culture? Well, first, I’d like to give some baseline information about myself. I am a white, middle-class, educated, mid-western, Christian female athlete. I come from a traditional family with a mother, father, one brother, and two sisters. Taking those characteristics into account, I would say that I am a privileged member of society, and being privileged has beenRead MoreEssay Benjamin Franklins Autobiography 1120 Words   |  5 PagesBenjamin Franklins Autobiography as your typical rags to riches tale yet, the truth and falsehood throughout the pages is unknown, raising many questions and concerns. As this book was written in segments over a stretched period of time, we must analyze this account of his life, the struggles and successes which took place, and the outcome of such record in order to appreciate the literary and historical value of Americas Renaissance m an, Benjamin Franklin. Enhancing ones life was inherently importantRead MoreSemiautobiographical Work- Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza by Gloria Anzaldà ºa1286 Words   |  6 Pagescomposition would be genre. 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Knight also states that should you find God later in life you may attribute that toRead MoreCultural Autobiography Analysis1531 Words   |  7 Pagesthat culture plays an important role in the life of each individual. However the essay argues that there is significance difference in global cultures. Concerning this perception, the aim of this paper is to compare Nigerian culture with Finnish culture and examine the different meanings of culture. Furthermore a Cultural Autobiography’ questionnaire will be used to create a cultural autobiography which will identify the major influences on personal life. A similar process will be adapted by interviewingRead MoreWes Moore : A Life Sentence For Murder859 Words   |  4 Pagesanother, they slowly begin to diverge in separate directio n that ultimately has one of the Wes Moore’s serving a life sentence for murder (Moore, 2011). Wes Moore, the author of the autobiography, begins his story about his parents, and eventually the loss of his father. Which leads to his mother moving him the family to New York to help raise the children while she tries to pull her own life together. After this event, you can see the slow change in Wes Moore as he begins to skip school and commitRead MoreFirstly, Antidiva Is An Autobiography, By Carole Pope1406 Words   |  6 PagesFirstly, Antidiva is an autobiography, written by Carole Pope. Note: this book is not a biography. The key difference between a biography and an autobiography is that, in an autobiography, the author is telling a story about themselves, their own life. As opposed to a biography, where someone write an account of another’s life. Being aware this book is an autobiography is incredibly important if you consider the concepts of â€Å"truth† and reliable narrators. Antidiva is Pope’s account, memories, andRead MoreThe Biology Building A t The University Of North Florida1408 Words   |  6 Pagescourtyard, my favorite place on the whole campus, I will conduct an autoethnography. In my autoethnography I will analyze what about the courtyard I love so much and what those things convey about my relationship with myself and others as well as my position within society. Autoethnographies combine elements of both autobiographies and ethnographies. Specifically, autoethnographies are academic essays that are introspective and narrative-oriented looks at the self, much like autobiographies and memoirsRead MoreMy Beloved World, by Sonia Sotomayor1415 Words   |  6 Pagesinstitutions so the concept of including minorities in higher education was almost non-existent. My Beloved World, by Sonia Sotomayor shows the challenges that a first generation, Puerto Rican, lower socioeconomic female had during this time. Through her autobiography she shows the struggles she faced throughout her life, focusing on her application to college, college experience and insight into her cultural background. My Beloved World present the ideology of White Supremacy and other phenomenon’s such asRead MoreAutobiography of a Face1324 Words   |  6 Pagesidea she might die, even though the survival rate for Ewings sarcoma was only five percent. She does not present her parents as overly afraid for her life, either. Her autobiography is not a story about the fear of death, but about such courage and anguish. Lucy shows how she falls under the spell of her disability, allowing it to control her life and dictate her future to a greater extent than it would otherwise. Having a disability means that sometimes you have to say Im disabled, therefore

Political Development Of Modern China - 1447 Words

Nathalie Vanvelthoven – 15210170274 Cai Zuo, Assistant Professor Political Development of Modern China 4th May 2016 TERM PAPER – OUTLINE INTRODUCTION During the past decade, the Chinese media have been subjected to a lot of changes. As the economy has increasingly opened up, foreign and private actors have become more and more important as they are now also able to invest in the Chinese media industry. Even though many scholars are optimistic about the changes within the Chinese media landscape, some scholars still criticize the Chinese working atmosphere in which foreign journalists and reporters have to work. On the one hand, these negative opinions can be explained by a bias that results from the Western concern that China will become too powerful in the near future. On the other hand, intercultural differences and gaps also contribute to the fact that Western media often do not report very positively about China. The norm gap between foreign correspondents in China and the Chinese is usually hard to bridge. Furthermore, stereotypes about China are still present in the West today. Saids concept of orientalism is therefore still very relevant. Foreign China correspondents usually also have a different notion about press freedom compared with Asian countries. For example, China ranks 86th on a scale of 100 on the Freedom of Press Index, an index issued by a Western institute. However, according to Hong , freedom of press should be viewed in aShow MoreRelatedEconomic Transition of China1069 Words   |  5 PagesChinese leaders were searching for a solution to serious economic problems produced by Hua Guofeng, the man who had succeeded Mao Zedong as CCP leader after Maos death (Shirk 35). As Susan L. Shirk describes the situation in The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China, restoring the CCPs prestige required improving economic performance and raising living standards. After the communist take over the country, Mao contained his emphasis on moral force by demanding that Chinese citizens demonstrateRead MoreThe Historical Conditions For Economic Development1627 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion A In the historical conditions for economic development, the change in development of countries has lead to enormous transformations of both political and social state. Why did China refuse between the year 1400 and 1980 only to re-build a major presence in the world economy? Why did Europe, an area separated by suffering and strife after the downfall of the Roman Empire, become the existence of modern economic growth? As experts on these two regions of the world, we make particular differencesRead MoreChinese Literature And Culture Of China1497 Words   |  6 Pagesone would begin to articulate some form of response. 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(development of the region – Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã'€Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Å') Background of the conflict – hm hm hm 19th century in the history of East Asia has brought radical changes in the existing system of social, cultural and political relations.Read MoreComparison of Political History and Development of Nursing Education between China and Poland831 Words   |  3 PagesComparison of: Political History and Development of Nursing Education between China and Poland Chinese modern nursing started its evolution in the 1888 when the first formal hospital was opened in the town of Fuzhou, located in the Fujian province. Chinese medicine has been molded by numerous western initiatives from the missionary in the 19 century. Particularly, nursing schools and missionary hospitals, this comprised of 32% of the complete nursing population in the country. 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A Remarkable Person Out of Class Free Essays

A Remarkable Person Out of Class Mr. Lo is a remarkable person because of his engaging personality and his dedication to his job. Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on A Remarkable Person Out of Class or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lo is the best supervisor I have ever had. He really cares about students in the cram school not just for the money. Lo is not only a supervisor but also a combination of teacher and friend for students. He always encourages students to study hard not only in class but by sending text messages. Although his cell phone is too old to send messages to everyone at one time he still sends all greeting messages to every student in holidays one by one. Mr. Lo has worked in education institution for decades therefore he knows the common problems that high school students may have. Moreover, he is a wise and reliable man so students are willing to share their personal problems with him. He always gives students useful advice and helps them solve the problems they encounter. One thing that impresses me the most is that Lo gets along with students well no matter how good or how poor their grades are. I think he treats some so-called â€Å"bad students† as his own son. He asks some students to live with him on weekends six months before the entering exam for university in order to make them study and motivate them. Besides, he even makes midnight snacks for the students for example fried rice, noodles†¦and so on. To sum up, Mr. Lo is a remarkable person because he does his best to help students with their school work and personal life. Moreover; he cares about all his students and treats them equally. That is to say, he is the best supervisor I have ever had. How to cite A Remarkable Person Out of Class, Papers

Multicom for understanding Power and Politics and Organizational Cultu

Question: Write an essay on Multicom for understanding Power and Politics and Organizational Culture. Answer: Multicom is a public relation firm that was founded by Jim Walsh and Wendy Bridges, the former is a marketing specialists and the latter is a public relation expert. They were colleagues in a communication firm and thought of opening their own Public Relation firm as they felt they together can provide an excellent base and can be successful businessmen. They made two major and two minor partners in their firm. Bridges and Walsh hold 40% of the firms equity each and Marie Beaumont and Frank Rossi hold 10% equity each. Rossi was an editor and Beaumont was film and video person (Shahzad et al. 2012). At the initial stage each of them struggled to develop the business and all of them had accepted the client-centred mode of organization that gives prime importance to client satisfaction level and make strategies to retain their clients forever and serve them better than any other firm. Due to their single goal and cooperation in achieving the goal, in few years, the firm developed the co mpetency in serving the clients. They together followed the same strategies and trained their staff and the unity and the one goal has made the staff work hard to obtain growth and success to the firm (Chatman et al.2013). However, in the third year, the things started to change and power and politics started playing role between the stakeholders. Walsh and Bridges believed in Unitarism perspectives of decision-making management system and Beaumont and Rossi believe in Pluralism perspectives of decision-making management system. Under unitarism, decision making is the process followed from top-down and hierarchical structures. Here, managers own the right to manage things and taking decisions, the employees has no role in decision making. Walsh and Bridge wanted to set such practices where decision is centrally controlled and the employees are under strict rules and should look upon the managers for any decisions. However, in Pluralism, importance is given to diversity of individual and group interests. The view of all the employees is considered in case of making decisions. Any decision is taken by taking into consideration every employee individual viewpoints (Andersen and Moynihan 2016). There was a clash between the partners due to their different principles towards treating the employees of the company. As a result of it, clashes started taking place between the partners due to which the employees unity and one goal target took a back seat. As a result the performance and profit of the organization reduced. Further, Beaumont and Rossi wanted to share more responsibilities of work for the company and desired to increase the share of equity but Walsh and Bridge played their power game and did not wanted to hand over the control to them (Yesil and Kaya 2013). With the passing time, the difference in their philosophy of work became obvious as Walsh and Bridges were more concerned with the disciplinary actions of the employees, and Rosssi and Beaumont were only concern about the results of the work. By the end of the forth year, the difference between them reached the ultimate point and Walsh and Bridges used the politics and power of their majority shares and started taking decision among themselves without taking the view point of Rossi and Beaumont. Walsh and Bridges thought this would affect the other two partners but on the contrary, the other were hardly affected by the elder partners decision and were continued to grow in the following years (Hogan and Coote 2014). Rossi and Beaumont left the company and formed a new one in their place and worked hard to form a new company called Media 2000 The Company Media 2000 quickly became a fruitful company with growing developments and started experiences learning by doing and bringing new innovative methods of meeting the requirements of business (Liden et al. 2014). There is extensive literature on the culture of corporate. According to Hugh (1993), the autonomy of the managers restrains the development of the employees and they do not work with full effort. He believes in Theory Y, which says, the management style is decentralised and they follow that the employees are happy at work and are creative and self-motivated. They enjoy their work with great responsibility and are motivated to fulfil their goals. They consider work as natural part of their life and solve the problem at work with full effort and dedication as they do for their own self. The corporate culture should change, the general theory X of controlling employees and supervise them at every step should be replaced with Theory Y. The employees should not be forced, controlled and threaten for the delivery of task reduces their productivity. They should be rather given opportunity to excel in their task and work without any restriction. It will increase the productivity of the emplo yees (Willmott 1993) In the case the similar differences are seeing in the believes of the shareholders where Walsh and Bridges believes in controlling employees and directing them without giving them any power to take decision but Rossi and Beaumont believes in treating the employees as independent person and taking their advises in decision making for the company (Alvesson 2012) The emergent approach to manage employees emphasis on being yourself through the expression of individuality, fun and difference. It is different from old and traditional pattern of fun and culture and identifies the authentic aspects of the employees selves. It implies free work environment without any external control, the employees should be at themselves and should be free to work according to their own self. The management should only be considered with the productivity of the employees and the employees are to be left free to perform and excel themselves rather than be treated with restriction and assertion. It will help them to take the responsibility and be accountable for their task and be productive (Fleming 2009). Some studies have discussed that the basic feature of organizational behaviour is irrational. The decision-making of the organization tends to be irrational and their ideologies bias their perceptions. The studies make an effort to understand how the irrationality can be converted into rationality and how to make organization behave rationally. However, some studies support irrational behaviour and say that for organizational actions irrationality is necessary. They assert that the commitment and motivation are maximised when actions are facilitated by irrational decision-making procedures and choices are facilitated by clear but narrow organizational ideologies (Brunsson 1982). There are confirmative evidences that the bargaining power of the partners in a joint venture has an impact on the control pattern of the new venture capital that they have started through joint venture between the firms. If there is conflicts between the partners then the employees performance also get affected. On the other hand, if the Partners are united and concentrate on the objective of the firm, then many complex issues get solved and employees also perform well (Yan and Gray 1994). Critically, it can be said that in an organization the behaviour and attitude towards o improve the performance of the employees the management should leave their personal issues and concentrate on larger corporate goals. In the case study, the firm performed well and earned high profit at the initial stage when every employee of the firm from top to down worked towards reaching the goal of success keeping behind their own philosophy of work and differences in their profit share. However, when the firm got stabilised and started earning profit, the top management started getting diverted from the goal and concentrating on their differences in work philosophy. Such change in the attitude of the share holders affected the work environment and deteriorated their efficiency and performance (Martinez et al. 2015). The issue that is reflected in the case can also be supported by the literature review that has shown several studies of organization where the work culture plays the major role in bringing efficiency among the employees which is the string to success. The views regarding the management philosophy of practicing unitarism or pluralism are also critically discussed. In todays competitive world, pluralism practice seems to be more successful than unitarism practice. In the former case, the employees views are taken while making decisions regarding the strategies of corporate in achieving the goals whereas in the latter case, the employees are regarded as subordinates and strict rules are imposed on them without any contribution in decision making. The former makes the employee feel the ownership be accountable for their work whereas, the latter just make them follow the rules. References Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Andersen, S.C. and Moynihan, D.P., 2016. How Leaders Respond to Diversity: The Moderating Role of Organizational Culture on Performance Information Use.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, p.muv038. Brunsson, N., 1982. The irrationality of action and action rationality: decisions, ideologies and organizational actions.Journal of management studies,19(1), pp.29-44. Chatman, J.A., Caldwell, D.F., OReilly, C.A. and Doerr, B., 2013. Parsing Organizational Culture: The Joint Influence of Culture Content and Strength on Performance in High-Technology Firms.University of California, Berkeley. Fleming, P. and Sturdy, A., 2009. Just be yourself!: Towards neo-normative control in organisations.Employee Relations,31(6), pp.569-583. Hogan, S.J. and Coote, L.V., 2014. Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), pp.1609-1621. Liden, R.C., Wayne, S.J., Liao, C. and Meuser, J.D., 2014. Servant leadership and serving culture: Influence on individual and unit performance.Academy of Management Journal,57(5), pp.1434-1452. Martinez, E.A., Beaulieu, N., Gibbons, R., Pronovost, P. and Wang, T., 2015. Organizational Culture and Performance.The American Economic Review,105(5), pp.331-335. Shahzad, F., Luqman, R.A., Khan, A.R. and Shabbir, L., 2012. Impact of organizational culture on organizational performance: an overview.Interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business,3(9), p.975. Willmott, H., 1993. Strength is ignorance; slavery is freedom: managing culture in modern organizations.Journal of management studies,30(4), pp.515-552. Yan, A. and Gray, B., 1994. Bargaining power, management control, and performance in United StatesChina joint ventures: a comparative case study.Academy of Management journal,37(6), pp.1478-1517. Yesil, S. and Kaya, A., 2013. The effect of organizational culture on firm financial performance: Evidence from a developing country.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,81, pp.428-437.

Ethical Delimma Case Essay Example

Ethical Delimma Case Essay People find it easier to cheat what is received as a large, faceless entity like a corporation or the government than to cheat a friend or acquaintance, experts say. Games, 2002) Ethics is so important within our society that most ethical values have been integrated into the laws of our land. Society has to have ethical behavior in order to keep the supportive order that has been set. An ethical dilemma is a situation in which a decision must be made about the appropriate behavior in which an Individual or company should make to support order. It will often Involve an apparent conflict between moral Imperatives, If obeyed this would result In one person transgressing another. The history of business In the united States is littered with tales of fraud, deceit and corruption, not only by the hands of a greedy few at the top, but also with the help of employees willing to go along with the charade. (Valentine 2002) Generally speaking, there are two major approaches that philosophers use in handling ethical dilemmas. One approach focuses on the practical consequences of what we do; the other concentrates on the actions themselves. However, there are six core ethical values hat have been established to assist society with ethical behavior. Trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring, and citizenship are the six examples of ethical standards. Unethical behavior is defined as conduct that is deferent from what others within or society believes to be appropriate behavior. There are many reasons why people act unethically. The most common reasons are that people have different ethical standard than those of society and people choose to act selfish. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Delimma Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Delimma Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Delimma Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are six steps to resolving ethical dilemma. The simple ethical framework approaches are to obtain the facts, identify the ethical issues from the facts obtained, determine who, what group or person is affected by the outcome of the dilemma, identify alternatives that the individual or persons who are Involved must use to resolve the dilemma, identify the consequences of these alternatives, and come to a decision about what is the appropriate action that should be taken to resolve the dilemma. The six-step process has been condensed by Thomas White, author and professor of business ethics and director of the Center for Ethics and Business at Loyola Martyrdom university in Los Angels by offering a three-step strategy. (Martinez, 2000-2007) First analyze the consequences, then analyze the action and finally make a decision. The general focus Is on the legal Issues of what must be done versus what ought to be done. Resolving ethical dilemmas In workforce Is a fundamental problem that almost every management has when the company has a Lovers set AT employees. Ease under 4-B Walton our text (Arenas, Elder, Ana Basely 108-109) presents an ethical dilemma for Barbara Whitley. She is faced with aging a decision about what is the appropriate behavior for the situation that she is presented with by Jack Bean. As being an auditor if she throws away the schedules as Jack (the supervisor) is suggestion she do, she is not conducting herself in a professional manner as society encourages the accounting profession to do for the public or client. Also, if she does not throw away the schedules this will likely cause difficulty among her and Jack. Using the six steps that assist in resolving dilemma listed previously. While resolving the dilemma, Barbara should be able to look into he background of the situation with an open mind, the origin of the dilemma and all the individuals involved within the conflict. She should also look for any missing information that might be of importance to solving the dilemma. Then, Barbara should begin by gathering the relevant facts which come from her work, because this may contain material information that should be disclosed. Her hard work should not Just be thrown away. The ethical issue is whether to throw away the schedules that contain the misstatements as Jack is telling her to do. Easy enough to discover hat all parties are affected. Barbara is affected because she is in violation of Rule 102 and her future with the firm may be affected and her performance evaluation by Jack will be affected more negatively than positive. Jack is affected because his future with the firm is affected as well as his performance evaluation of upper management. Green, Thresher and Company, Spas are affected because if the audit is completed late they will probably lose the appointment. If the client discovers the misstatement; they could also be sued for these material misstatements because they did not detect or disclose them. Delaney Fabrics will be affected, because they may not have the time to correct the misstatements, if they are not brought up in time. Therefore, additional cost will be incurred if they have to adjust their financial statements if the misstatements exist and are not reported. Next, Barbara has alternatives with consequences of throwing the schedules away and taking the chance that the client will discover the misstatements and sue. She can tell Jack that she is not going to throw the schedules away and she probably will not get a favorable review. Where possible, try to speak with your manager or someone else you trust when in doubt especially if the decision you have to make affects the company. Make sure that you dont assume that your company will tolerate you doing something wrong even if it benefits them. (Mueller, 2007) She could talk to upper management about what Jack ask her to do and she could be accepted for doing what she feels is ethically correct or rejected by them for going over Jacks head to them. She could stop working on the engagement and be labeled throughout her career as being a problem with co- errors. She could even quit the firm and miss out on great knowledge as being an auditor. Finally she should decide what the appropriate action is by discussing the matter in depth with Jack for understanding only because anything else would be a violation of Rule of Conduct 102. Telling Jack that she will speak with upper management is a good approach for Barbara. This will allow her to take the right steps of reproach for her professional field.

Light And The Glory Essays - Stamp Act, Quartering Acts, Free Essays

Light And The Glory Essays - Stamp Act, Quartering Acts, Free Essays Light And The Glory The Light and the Glory The United States Constitution has been the bedrock for the longest lasting government in all history. Why is it that our constitution still exists after more than two hundred years? Is it the incredible minds of those that framed it, or is it something else? In 1620, the Pilgrims departed from Holland and set out for America. Ten years later, they were followed by the Puritans. The Puritans and the Pilgrims experienced incredible hardships, which forced their reliance on God. There was little to eat, and shelter was no more than an uninsulated log cabin. As new generations grew up, they began to learn how to grow and harvest crops, which supplied them with plenty to eat, and comfortable lives. They did not have to depend on God for their survival. Gradually, as the people strayed further away from God, there began to be witchcraft and many people with no moral standards at all. These once godly people had forgotten how God had miraculously provided for their grandparents. By the mid 1700s, America was in desperate need of a revival. This burden was laid on a mans heart whose name was Jonathan Edwards. Jonathan Edwards, a graduate of Yale at seventeen, began and sustained a revival that changed the course of American history. Along with George Whitefield and countless other circuit riding preachers, Jonathan Edwards brought America down on her knees before God in repentance. America was indeed a new nation. It was about this time that America began to view itself as one nation, not just a handful of independent colonies. The only problem was that the Americans were not the only ones who had settled in the New World. They were bordered on the north and west by the French and on the south by the Spanish. If anyone attempted to settle on the west side of the Appalachian Mountains, chances of survival were slim because of hostile Indians and cruel French trappers. America was far from having enough manpower to take on the French all by themselves. When King George III realized that his prized possession, the American colonies, was in danger of being taken over by the French, he sent troops to push the French- American boundary line deeper into the interior of the continent. This turned into an all out war known as the French and Indian War. Although the beginning of the war favored the French, the British eventually became successful in setting the French-American boundary well past the Appalachian Mountains. Along with the Great Awakening, the French and Indian War would be another turning point in American history because the colonists now realized that they were capable of building an army. The war also unveiled future heroes such as George Washington. Most of all, it brought the colonies together in unity. Relations were now beginning to change between the colonies and England. The colonists were beginning to regard themselves as Americans rather than Englishmen. The colonies were now on a much higher spiritual level than England. King George again realized that his prize possession was in danger of being lost. However, this time it was the colonists themselves that were the threat. To stop the growing rebellion in America, George III appointed a new prime minister George Grenville. Grenville decided to tighten Englands control of the colonial settlement past the Appalachian Mountains. This would result in the Proclamation of 1763 which canceled all the land grants given to the colonies in the past by other kings and parliaments. He also laid new taxes on the colonists that violated their rights because the colonists had no representatives in the English parliament. The Stamp Act and the Quartering Act were just a few of the burdens that Grenville laid on the colonists. William Pitt and Edmund Burke were two men in the English parliament who encouraged Grenville to lift the tariffs and taxes. When Grenville arrogantly refused to lift any of the tariffs or taxes, it was one of the most costly mistakes he would ever make. Burdensome taxes were enraging the colonists. They did owe England a war debt of 37,000,000 dollars, but the Quartering Act had nothing to do with paying money

Causes of the American Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causes of the American Revolution - Essay Example The thirteen states in North America had demonstrated the urge to be independent. In 1763, Britain won the Indian and French wars; however, it devastated the economic power of Great Britain necessitating it to pass laws to its colonies in order to raise funds1. In 1764, Great Britain passed the infamous sugar act. This act intended to increase taxes levied on sugar production. Unfortunately, the British colonies were not willing to pay taxes to representatives of the British regime. In 1765, the British parliament added more insult to the thirteen colonies by introducing the Stamp Act2. The act intended to collect taxes from printed materials. The aim the tax was to generate money that Great Britain could use to protect, defend, and secure its colonies. The colonist reacted vehemently to these laws arguing that they were not party to laws enacted without their participation. The people and the businesses in the thirteen states viewed the taxes as an extortion and control over their b usinesses. The Boston Massacre wounded the relationship between the Americans and the British. In 1770, the British troops did not succeed in quelling the colonists who had expressed their rejection to the colonial rule3. The incident led to the death of both British soldiers and the Americans. The incident spurred the reaction of the Americans in openly rejecting the British rule. The American people developed the urge to send their representative in the British parliament. The American community had been on the receiving end for a long time. The laws made by the British parliament did not address the interest of the Americans necessitating their cry for representation. It is arguable that the laws enacted and presented for adoption by the British colonies suppressed the interest of these states. The Tea Act enacted by British in 1773 granted British East India Company the opportunity to monopolistic activities in North America4. While the act intended to boost the economic status of the British owned company, the choice was hurting because it sought to give economic benefit to the colonist. The monopolistic policy did not only benefit the British owned company, but promoted economic â€Å"crimes† to the Americans. The Americans had no choice in influencing the prices of their tea an act that they did not accept. Another spectacular event that took place in 1773 was Boston Tea party. Colonist disguised as the Indians participated in dumping tea overboard from ships at the Boston Harbor. This act met vehement reaction because it did not plunder the tea trade but also wounded the trade relationship. In 1774 the colonist closed the Boston Harbor and outlawed meeting that the American held in towns. The passing of the intolerable acts in 1774 received contrasting response from the thirteen states. Twelve out of the thirteen states met in Philadelphia in the same year, September to October. The resolution of the meeting was to reject products from Britain. The boycott was an economic spat because it influenced the production of the British industries. British suffered because America was one of the chief consumers of her products. It is also arguable that the economic power that it derived from trade was instrumental in influencing its interest in the colonial territories. In 1775, British troops visited Concord

Educational Issues and Special Education Needs Essay

Educational Issues and Special Education Needs - Essay Example This was replaced by a revised version which was issued in 2001, coming into effect in January 2002 (DFES 2001). The nature of provision for special educational needs has changed drastically over the last few years following the Warnock Report and the 1981 Education Act, with an increased awareness of educational needs and a consonant focus on improving the quality of provision for much larger numbers of children (Griffiths, 1998, 95 in Quicke, 2007, 2-15). This implies improvement of education of all and specially of those with special needs that would impart knowledge and power to all (QCA/DfEE, 2001). Department of Health has recently published a White Paper for people with learning disabilities in 2001 (Department of Health, 2001, 1-10). The United Kingdom has separate educational systems for England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. As far as education is concerned, the countries are split up into so-called local education authorities that carry a large part of the responsibility for organising education at local level. Historically, for a long time, England and Wales had separate systems for regular and special education. Since the Warnock Report in 1978, it has been assumed in the UK that about 20 per cent of school-aged children will have special educational needs requiring additional help at some point in their school careers. Furthermore, approximately 2 per cent of children will have severe physical, sensory, intellectual or emotional difficulties, some of which will remain with them throughout their lives. Historically this 2 per cent of children have been exclud ed from mainstream schools, receiving their education in special schools instead. In recent years, a growing sense of injustice regarding the idea of segregated special schooling for these pupils has led to calls for more inclusive educational opportunities as a matter of human right and equal opportunity (Amatea, 1988, 174-183). By the Education Acts 1981 and 1993, which latter consolidated into the Education Act 1996, the policy of parental choice in the field of special educational needs has in most respects been merely built on key recommendations in the Warnock Report in 1978, namely that the education system should pay heed to parental knowledge about their child's needs and respect parental wishes regarding the child's education (Farrell, 2001, 3-9). Warnock's other recommendation was to integrate the education, meaning pupils with special educational needs should, as far as possible, be educated alongside other children in mainstream schools (Lewis, 2004, 3-9). In relation to this, this process must acknowledge the diversity of needs of all students creating opportunity to support learning of all students inclusive of those who have impairments or needs for special educations. While the White Paper was explicitly a response of the authorities from the concerns to promote better life chances for people with special needs for education, it identifies the many barriers that such children and their families face in fully participating in their communities. This paper promotes the benefits to be

Importance of Consumer Behavior to Marketers

Importance of Consumer Behavior to Marketers Previously marketers had only limited tools that allow them to affect customers, to make them do the purchasing process only. They were focusing on the product itself and how to change it to make more convincing to the customer, they were also modifying the prices to make it acceptable by the customers, they were looking for the best places to offer their products to make sure they have enough demand, and they were doing some promotion activities to motivate customers to buy their products. Importance of consumer behavior Consumer behavior is very important to marketers because it gives them a lot of extraordinary tools that allows them to manipulate and persuade customers. But with consumer behavior now, they can design and manufacture their products and services based on the needs and wants of consumers, they take into their considerations what the customer like or dislike, then they produces their products and services according to that. They can also understand the consumer purchase decision making process when a customer start asking himself what to buy and how to buy it, and when he start meeting with other people and friends who likes other types of products or services, that might change or affect his purchase decision also. Marketers now can understand how the consumer think and behave, and what are the reasons behind his actions, that allows them to make more marketing efforts based on their understanding to the consumer way of thinking, and even more, with in depth understanding to consumer behavior, they are able now to change the way the customer think and behave, to make him fit with their marketing goals and objectives. Importance of perception With consumer behavior, Marketers now can make consumers think that they want their products, even though they might not really want. This goal can be achieved using the fantastic consumer behavior theories and concepts. Starting with the perception concept in consumer behavior, which is the process by which consumers use and interpret their sensory system. Perception explains how consumers see the products and services of the company, and how they feel and think about it. The image is considered as the basic factor that affects the purchase decision for most customers. Customer now don ¿Ã‚ ½t only want to make the right choices, customers now wants to be perceived by other people and friends as being able to make the right choices and choose the right products. Marketers can successfully use senses as sight, sound, smell, touch, and taste to stimulate and motivate customers to try to examine their products and services. Marketers can do the marketing for their products in a totall y different way to create a distinct perception for their product to make it received by the customers more favorably. Marketers can also differentiate their message from other competitor ¿Ã‚ ½s messages to get more attention from the consumer. They can also make their products more expensive than other identical competitors ¿Ã‚ ½ products, and can make customers buy it just because they think that it is better because it is more expensive. Marketers can change the way consumers perceive their products and services. They are a lot of ways marketers can do that, they can successfully use the human sensory system to affect and manipulate consumers. They can use the vision sensory to change the way the customer think, for example they can change the design and shape of a container of product like perfume or juice to make it look bigger while actually it is still having the same volume or size, they can use some colors that can give a specific emotions to consumers, like giving pink colors to most female products like cloths, or even making mobiles and laptops with pink colors to attract female customers, or using black color to send a message of mystery or power about the product. They can also change the packaging by using an expensive finishing or packaging to give the impression that this packaging contains inside a luxury product or an expensive product, or they can change the packaging to make it look like other famou s products. Marketers also can change the touch of a product to make it different to give you a special implication, we can see that in manufacturing mobile phones for example, some mobile phones are being manufactured now with aluminum or glass from outside instead of plastic, this will result in giving the image of quality and power to the product and it will be accepted to be a high priced mobile phone. Marketers can also now choose the correct stimulus level that they want to expose to consumer sensory, they will make the stimulus level above the consumers awareness if they want the consumer to notice the change they made in the product if the consumer will like or accept this change, and they can make the stimulus level below the consumer awareness if they were afraid that the consumer will reject or resist the change. Importance of learning and memory Learning is the permanent change in behavior caused by experience, where memory is the process of gathering information and storing it over time to be available whenever we need it. Marketers can start using the learning and memory concept of consumer behavior to make the consumers learn about their products and their brand as well in the way they want. After choosing the correct stimulus to make the desired perception by consumers, marketers can start learning consumers about what their brand means, some companies try to attach their brand name to the meaning of quality, while some others try to make their brand name means variety, or any other meaning they want. If we look at apple, we can directly say that it means high quality and luxury computers, if we say Mercedes it means luxury cars and BMW means sport cars. That what marketers learned us about their brand names by successfully using the sensory system and stimulus. Not only that, after learning the consumers about the brand image, marketers can get use of the learning in many ways, they can use their brand name image to offer other product line, depending on that consumer have already learned that this brand name means good products like LG, or they might use their established brand name to add more related products like Apple, after they succeeded in their luxury computers and laptops, they have introduced their iphone and ipod and Apple TV and other products. They can even offer their popular brand name for rent for other companies who don ¿Ã‚ ½t have a popular brand, or a brand with negative image. Importance of motivation Marketers can also use the motivation concept of consumer behavior. Motivation process is what stimulates all types of consumers. Motivation happened when consumer have an unsatisfied need which result in a tension, then the consumer will make all the required effort to reduce or eliminate this tension to satisfying his need. Marketers can the different needs a consumer can have to persuade and motivate him to purchase their products. Marketers for example can use the biological or physiological needs such as need for water to offer their products that can satisfy this need like juices, so the consumer will be motivated to go for these products to satisfy his thirsty. Marketers also can use other types of needs to motivate consumers, like need for power when consumer wants to feel that they have mastery over their surroundings, marketers can offer products like muscle cars, or they can offer luxury resorts. They can also use the need for affiliation to offer products like sports equi pment ¿Ã‚ ½s and cloths. Marketers can also use the purchase situation involvement in their motivational tools, like offering special products for Valentine ¿Ã‚ ½s Day or mother ¿Ã‚ ½s day where the consumer will be purchasing in a different situation, he will be looking for more extraordinary and expensive jewelry or other gifts, while in other normal conditions he might be looking for a normal and low price gift. Sometimes also consumer could have a motivational conflict between his needs, even in this case also marketers can get use of such a situation, they can offer a products that can give solution for these conflicts, like when consumer want to have a heavy food but he is afraid of the calories, so marketers try to offer him a good food with no calories, or when consumer want to purchase cloths with animal leather finishing but he don ¿Ã‚ ½t like animals being killed for that, then marketers could offer him cloths with fake leather that looks exactly like real one. Conclusion As we can see, all these consumer behavior concepts can help marketers persuade the consumer behavior in many ways, they can change the way he sees the product, they can change the way he think or feel about a product, they can even motivate the consumer to make him willing to buy a product or service, they can also reach a point where finally they can make consumers buying products not for what they do, but for what they

Joel Joe Varghese Essay

Don Bosco held its much awaited event-Voice of DBA-Solo Singing Competition for classes 3 to 12. The competition was divided in parts that is, for classes 3 to 5, for 6- 8, for 9 and 10 and for 11 and 12. But fortunately the event for classes 9 and 10 and 11 and 12 was held together. I felt excited as now I could listen to my favourite singer – Joel K Varghese. Many singers came and sung melodiously but when the Joel’s name was announced, the atmosphere of the auditorium transformed to liveliness. Applauses and hoots of students flowed through the auditorium. Joel had won the best solo singer’s award in Bosco Fiesta 2014, so we had great hopes for him being the winner of the competition. And then the lines rang in my years- Lately I have had the strangest feeling, With no vivid reasons here to find†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Silence spread all over the auditorium and we all listened quietly and enjoyed it very much. This song was sung by Joel in Bosco Fiesta 2014 for which he bagged the first prize. Ability to smoothly change and keep pitch, strong lungs, and usually, a lot of talent in auditory memory are the qualities that a good singer has and no doubt that Joel is one of those good singers. His ability to capture attention of the audience through his voice becomes a model for all the Bosconians. His song ended and so did my happiness. I was enchanted and spellbound by Joel’s song. The situation was the same as when William was stunned by the reaper’s song. Results were not declared but I have a strong feeling that Joel will bag the first prize in the competition for he is THE TRUE VOICE OF DBA .

Response Execution Essay

Creating an emergency response plan is very important in any business. There are different plans for medical, fire, police, and school. The following plans are imperative in any environment. There are many things that will happen and Incident Command System (ICS) will help to provide the responders with an effective system that works. But before we go into the structures, an understanding of an incident command system needs to be addressed. According to OSHA, n.d., â€Å"ICS is a standardized on-scene incident management concept designed specifically to allow responders to adopt an integrated organizational structure equal to the complexity and demands of any single incident or multiple incidents without being hindered by jurisdictional boundaries†. ICS is a sub-model of the National Incident Management System (NIMS), as released by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in 2004.† An incident command system is referenced to an adaptable, scalable response association w hich provides a general agenda where people can work side by side efficiently. These people may come from many different agencies that do not normally work together, and an incident command system is intended to give regular response and operation procedures to decrease the troubles and possibility for miscommunication on such incidents. ICS has been summed up as a â€Å"first-on-scene† structure, where the first responder is in charge until the situation has been cleared up, a more experienced responder reaches your destination on scene and takes over, or the Incident Commander appoints someone else to take command of the situation. ICS includes measures to select and form provisional management chain of command to control funds, personnel, facilities, equipment, and communications. Personnel are allocated according to recognized standards and measures up to that time that were sanctioned by participating powers that be. Incident command system is designed for use or appropriate from the time an incident starts until it is finished or is not needed. The first thing that needs to be done is crate a standard operating procedure. These procedures are â€Å"essential to the effective application of the ICS† (FEMA). They also provide a standard and job descriptions to which everyone should follow. This way everyone will know what their job entails. Also, according to FEMA, 1999, the other first step is to decide who the incident commander is. In most cases of fire, mass casualties, hazardous materials, and other non law enforcement emergency, the fire department is in command. According to FEMA, 1999, if there are multiple jurisdictions that respond, the incident commander is usually the fire department whose jurisdiction the fire is in. Law enforcement is usually responsible for managing all operations related to criminal incidents. Included in this category would be terrorism, bombing, snipers, hostage situations, and other things of this nature. After that, a commander needs to be appointed. This person is usually the one with most experience. The IC’s responsibilities are to access the situati on and/or receive an update from the prior IC. Then the strategy needs to be put into place. This would mean establishing the immediate proprieties. Next a post needs to be formed. Then the IC needs to make sure the panned meetings are being kept to ensure the safety everyone and that everything is going according to plan. Then they approve the use of or elimination of resources. According to FEMA, 1999, the IC is also responsible for the planning for the functions throughout the entire process. The medical field is a very important tool to have at any incident. They are there to provide first aid and any other medical necessities. There are many levels, and levels under these, of resources that are used. According to FEMA, 1999, the first level is stabilization. In this level, the incident commander continues to manage the incident and gives progress reports from the scene. This allows hospitals to know how many beds they are going to need. Demobilization is the next level. In this level, the responders are either sent back to the area they came from, set back in service after they transport a victim, or they are cancelled all together. The last level is termination. In this level, the incident commander decides that no further action is required and everyone is sent back to their units. The next thing we need to look at are the responsibilities of the incident commander. The first one, according to FEMA, 1999, is to rescue all victims. The second is making sure the victims are taken out of the situation and moved to a medical facility. And the third is to make sure the personnel are safe. Next we will look at fire and rescue. The organization of the incident command is almost the same as the medical responders. According to Fire and Rescue, 2008, the following are the organizational areas for fire and rescue: â€Å"Organization on the incident ground, this gives the Incident Commander a recognized system from which to work when organizing and using resources at an Incident, Incident Risk Management, the principal consideration of Incident Commanders is safety of their personnel. Therefore, prior to deciding upon the tactics an assessment of risk must be performed. The Incident Commander must identify the hazards, assess the risks, and implement all reasonable control measures before committing crews into a risk area, and Command Competence, considers the skills knowledge and understanding required by an Incident Commander and the importance of maintaining such competencies.† â€Å"As the incident develops, changing circumstances may make the original course of action inappropriate, for example: fire fighting tactics may change from defensive to offensive or vice versa, new hazards and their associated risks may arise, existing hazards may present different risks, and personnel may become fatigued. Incident commanders, therefore, need to manage safety by constantly monitoring the situation and reviewing the effectiveness of the existing control measures† (Fire Service Operations p. 68). There are six steps in the initial assessment of risk: 1. evaluate the situation at the earliest opportunity, 2. Introduce and declare Tactical mode the simple expression of whether it is appropriate to proceed to work in a hazard area or not. This is a device to enable commanders of dynamic emergency incidents to demonstrate their compliance with the principles of risk assessment and be seen to have done so. 3. Select safe systems of work. The starting point for contemplation must be procedures that have been agreed in pre-planning and training and those personnel available at the incident have sufficient competence to carry out the tasks safely. 4. Assess the chosen system of work, 5. Introduce additional control measures, and 6. Re-assess systems of work and additional control measures. The police are no different. They have a system to follow just like everyone else. According to the free library.com, Incident Command System makes things easier for the administration of critical incidents by arranging the reaction into sections. Any person in the organization can put into operation the Incident Command System into its full arrangement. The person who makes the first move to coordinate the Incident Command System response more often than not takes control on the scene, at the emergency command center, or at the field command post and is converted into the incident commander. Unless officially relieved, the incident commander remains in charge is the single person who is in charge and makes the decisions. Everything goes through them. The incident commander watches over the complete operation through sectors, or branches, which provide a manageable span of control. Sectors can be deleted, added, made bigger or smaller, or anything else that is needed during an incide nt. There are some that might not be needed at all during a specific incident. For instance, sectors often are elected logistics, operations, personnel, and intelligence. Incident Command System deployment during a major vehicle crash would not have need of the services of the intelligence sector. The staff would organize the needs of the equipment. This would include the vehicles necessary to aid in the incident. Leaders of each individual sector would let the incident commander know of thing or services they might need, permitting the incident commander without difficulty to match resources to existing circumstances or predict future demands. Checklists make certain that sector leaders complete necessary tasks during the emergency. Given the demands placed on personnel at the scene, sector leaders easily could fail to notice a possible resource or legal or departmental obligation. While not crucial in all deployments, the emergency command center (ECC(1) (Error-Correcting Code) A type of memory that corrects errors on the fly. See ECC memory. (2) (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) A public key cryptography method that provides fast decryption and digital signature processing. †¦.. Click the link for more information.) generally works in conjunction with Incident Command System. It also may be a separate function under the ICS umbrella. Characteristically, the ECC is stationed in one department’s command center or another central location, but it can be located anywhere sensible. Commanding officers from every agency involved in the incident should staff the ECC. They also have different response levels. They are: â€Å"Level I incidents require that one or two officers resolve minor traffic accidents, make arrests, or conduct light crowd control, level II incidents require the assistance of three or more officers. They usually involve several agencies and may cross jurisdictional boundaries. Examples include collisions that results in road closures or evacuations, and level III incidents involve three or more officers from multiple shifts, require support from other bureaus, districts, or agencies, and demand a significant response to contain, control, and recover from the emergency. Bombings and riots represent two types of Level III incidents† (â€Å"Incident Command Systems for Law Enforcement,† 2013). The Incident Command System is a straightforward yet exceedingly efficient technique of getting ready for critical incidents. It endorses a synchronized reaction to emergencies. It is an suitable resource because it provides a middle point for communication, authority, and control. Training is important because it trains the responders on what to expect. Careful Thorough record keeping keeps investigations on the right path and makes available an easy way to assess agencies’ response. At any given time, police somewhere in the world are organizing the on-scene actions of an emergency. Labor, facilities, equipment, and communication are among the countless issues they must consider to alleviate and control such incidents. When seconds count, Incident Command Systems let agencies handle emergencies promptly and assertively. References FEMA, 1999, Incident Command System for Emergency Medical Services, Student Manual. United States Fire Administration National Fire Academy. Fire Service Operations. (2008). Fire and Rescue Manual, 2(), . https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/7643/incidentcommand.pdf. Incident Command Systems for Law Enforcement. (2013). In Free dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Incident+Command+Systems+for+Law+Enforcement.-a054061498 OSHA. (n.d.). Incident Command System. Retrieved from http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ics/what_is_ics.html

Overview of Crime of Accessory

The charge of accessory can be brought against anyone who helps someone else commit a crime, but who does not participate in the actual commission of the crime. There are various ways an accessory can help the criminal, including emotional or financial assistance, as well as physical assistance or concealment. Accessory Before the Fact If you know someone who is planning to commit a crime and you do anything to help (plan the crime, loan them money or tools, encourage them to commit the crime, or even just give advice) you can be charged with accessory before the fact. For example, Mark worked in a building that his friend Tom was planning to rob. Mark provided Tom with the security code to access the building without setting off the security alarm in exchange for $500.  Mark could be charged with accessory before the fact, whether or not Mark committed the crime, for the following reason: 1)  Mark was aware that a crime was being planned and did not report it to the police. 2)  Mark encouraged Tom to do the crime by providing him with a way to do it that would lessen his chances of getting caught by the police. 3)  Mark received payment in exchange for the security code. Accessory After the Fact Likewise, if you know someone who has already committed a crime and you do anything to help (such as give them a place to hide or help them destroy evidence) you can be charged with accessory after the fact. For example, Fred and Sally decided to rob a restaurant. Fred went into the restaurant to rob it while Sally waited in the getaway car. After robbing the restaurant, Fred and Sally went to Kathy’s house and asked her if they could hide their car in her garage and stay with her for three days to help avoid being arrested. Kathy agreed in exchange for $500. When the three were arrested, Fred and Sally were charged as the principals  (the persons who actually commit the crime) and Kathy was charged as an accessory after the fact. The prosecutor could prove an accessory after the fact because: 1)  Kathy knew that Fred and Sally robbed the restaurant 2)  Kathy sheltered Fred and Sally with the intent to help them avoid arrest 3)  Kathy helped Fred and Sally avoid arrest so that she could profit from their crime Proving Accessory After the Fact Prosecutors must prove the following elements to prove accessory after the fact: A  crime  was committed by a principal.The defendant knew that the principal: (1) Committed the crime. (2) Was charged with the crime, or (3) Was convicted of the crime. After the crime was committed, the defendant either helped to  conceal or  aid the principal.The defendant assisted the principal with the  intent  that he/she avoid or escape from arrest, trial, conviction, or punishment. Defense Strategies for Charges of Accessory to a Crime On behalf of their client, defense lawyers can fight charges of accessory to a crime in many ways depending on the circumstances, but some of the more common strategies include: 1)  No knowledge of the crime For example, if Joe robbed a restaurant and then went to Tom’s house and told him he needed a place to stay because he was evicted from his apartment and Tom allowed Joe to stay, Tom could not be found guilty of accessory after the fact, because he had no knowledge that Joe had committed a crime or that he was trying to hide from the police. 2)  No Intent A prosecutor must prove that the actions of a person charged with being an accessory to a crime did so with the intent to help the principal avoid arrest, trial, conviction, or punishment. For example, Jane’s boyfriend Tom called her and told her that his truck broke down and that he needed a ride. They agreed that Jane would pick him up in 30 minutes in front of the convenience store. As Jane approached the store, Tom waved her down from an alleyway near the store. She pulled over, Tom jumped in and Jane drove away. Tom was later arrested for robbing the conveyance store and Jane was arrested for being accessory because she drove him from the scene. But since the prosecutors could not prove that Jane had any knowledge that Tom had just committed a crime, she was found innocent of the charges. The prosecutors tried to prove that Jane must have known about the theft because Tom had a history of robbing convenience stores. However, the fact that Tom had been arrested multiple times for a similar crime was not enough to prove that Jane had any knowledge that Tom had just committed a crime when she went to pick him up; therefore they were unable to prove intent.